常用临床医学术语

2021年3月2日发(作者：手腕扭伤)
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常用临床医学术语

diseases
疾病

acute diseases
急性病

advanced diseases
病沉重期，晚期疾病


chronic diseases
慢性病

communicable diseases
传染病


complicating diseases
并发病

congenital diseases
先天性疾病

acquired diseases
后天性疾病


contagious diseases
接触性传染病

endemic diseases
地方病


epidemic diseases
流行病

functional diseases
机能病、官能病


infectious diseases
传染病

inherited diseases
遗传病


malignant diseases
恶性病

nutritional diseases
营养病


occupation diseases
职业病

organic diseases
器质性病


paroxysmal diseases
阵发性病

periodical diseases
周期病


primary(principal)diseases
原发（主导）病

secondary diseases
继发病


sexual(venereal, social)diseases
性病

terminal diseases
绝症


wasting diseases
消耗性疾病



chief complaint
主诉


clinical manifestation
临床表现

delivery history
分娩史


etiology
病因学

family history
家族史


history, medical history
病史

precipitating(induced)
诱因


marital status
婚姻状况

menstrual history
月经史


menarche
初潮

menopause
闭经


past history
既往史

pathogenesis
发病机制


personal history
个人史



symptoms
症状

cardinal symptom
主要症状


classical symptom
典型症状

concomitant symptom
伴发症状


constitutional(systemic) symptom
全身症状

indirect symptom
间接症状


induced symptom
诱发症状

local symptom
局部症状


mental symptom
精神症状

symptom- complex (syndrome)symptom
综合症，症候群
signs
体征

antecedent
前驱征


assident (accessory)
副征

commemorative
后遗症


sign of death
死征

diagnostic
诊断征


sign of disease
病征

subjective
自觉征，主观征

vein sign
静脉征






vital sign
生命体征

body length (height of the body)
身高

body weight
体重



barrel chest
桶状胸

cachexia
恶病质


compulsive position
被动体位

critical facies
病危面容


emaciation
消瘦

enophthalmos
眼球下陷


entropion
睑内翻

exophthalmos
眼球突出


flushed face
面色潮红

gain (loss) in weight
增加（减轻）体重


lock- jaw
牙关紧闭

lordosis
脊柱前凸


nasal ala flap
鼻翼扇动

nystagmus
眼震


obesity
肥胖

pallor
苍白


scolisis
脊柱侧凸

agitation
焦急不安


debility, weakness
虚弱

diaphoresis
出汗，大量出汗


dizziness, vertigo
眩晕

lassitude, fatigue
无力，倦怠


malaise
不适

night sweat
盗汗


numbness
麻木

rigor, chill
寒冷，发冷


perspiration, sweating
出汗

pruritus, itching
痒，


somasthenia
躯体无力

tingling
麻刺感




abscess
脓肿

acidosis
酸中毒


adhesion
粘连

alkalosis
碱中毒


allergy
过敏

coagulation defect
凝血不良


congestion
充血

dehydration
脱水


distention
膨胀

edema
水肿


embolism
栓塞，栓塞形成

fluid and electrolyte imbalance
水电解质紊乱

gangrene
坏疽


hematoma
血肿

hemorrhage, bleeding
出血


infarction
梗塞，梗死

infection
传染


inflammation
炎症

ketoacidosis
酮酸中毒


metastasis
转移

perforation
穿孔


necrosis
坏死

shock
休克


response
反应，应答

reaction
反应，感应


thrombosis
血栓形成

ulceration
溃疡




fever, pyrexia
发烧，发热

continuous fever
稽留热


intermittent fever
间歇热

low-grade fever
低热


remittent fever
驰张热

relapsing fever
回归热




pain
痛

burning pain
灼痛


chest(flank,…) pain
胸（胁腹
…
）痛

cramp-like pain
痉挛性痛


dull, diffused pain
弥漫性钝痛

pleuritic pain
胸膜炎性痛

radiating pain (pain radiating to…)
放射性痛
（放射到
…
疼痛）
angina
绞痛


cardiac angina
心绞痛

backache
背痛


colic
绞痛，急腹痛

earache
耳痛


headache
头痛

neuralgia
神经痛


migraine
偏头痛

rebound tenderness
反跳痛


somatalgia
躯体痛

sore throat
咽喉痛


stomachache
胃痛

toothache
牙痛


bloody sputum
带血的痰

cough
咳嗽


dry cough
干咳

expectoration
咳痰


expectoration of blood
咳血

hemoptysis
咳血




anoxia
缺氧


apnea
呼吸暂停，窒息

asthma
气喘，哮喘


Cheyne Stokes respiration
切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸

dyspnea
呼吸困难


hyperpnea hyperventilation
过度呼吸，换气过度

hypopnea
呼吸不全，

呼吸浅表


hypoxia
低氧，缺氧

orthopnea
端坐呼吸


respiratory arrest
呼吸停止

suffocation
窒息


tachypnea
呼吸急促

fetid breath
口臭


fruity breath
呼吸有水果味



arrhythmia
心律失常，心律不齐


atelectasis
肺不张，肺膨胀不全

cardiac arrest
心搏骤停


cardiac hypertrophy
心脏肥大

cyanosis
发绀，青紫


distension of jugular vein
颈静脉怒张

extrasystole
期外收缩


gallop rhythm
奔马律

hemopleura
血胸


hepatojugular reflux
肝颈静脉回流

hypovolemia
（循环）血容量减少

palpitation
心悸

tachycardia
心动过速


pneumothorax
气胸

thrill
震颤


absent breath sounds
呼吸音消失

dull sound
浊音


hyperresonant
鼓音

rale
啰音


rhonchus, rhonchi
鼾音，干啰音

wheeze
哮鸣音




anorexia, loss of appetite
食欲不振，厌食
dysphagia
吞咽困难




eructation
嗳气

belching
嗳气


flatulence
气胀

flatus
肠胃气，屁


gaseous distention
胃胀气

hematemesis
呕血


hiccough, hiccup
打呃，呃逆

nausea
恶心


pyrosis
胃灼热

regurgitation
反胃，回流


thirsty
口渴

vomiting
呕吐


anal fissure, crack in the anal canal
肛裂

ascites
腹水

board- like rigidity of the abdomen
板状腹

decreased tactile fremitus
触觉性震颤减弱

exophageal varices
食管静脉曲张

fistula
瘘，瘘管


hemorrhoid
痔

hernia
疝


hepatomegaly
肝肿大

intussusception
肠套叠