肌肉抽筋的种类和处理方法

2021年3月1日发(作者：血崩是什么意思)
肌肉抽筋的种类和处理方法

Many of us at some point in our life have probably experienced a muscle cramp. The pain that it
brings is something that isn't forgotten, and is something a person
does not want to experience
again.


我们中的很多人在一生中可能都经历过肌肉抽筋。
其带来的疼痛是难以忘记，
也肯定不希望
再发生的。


Most
people
do
not
understand
what
a
muscle
cramp
is,
let
alone
understand
why
it
happens
and
how
to
prevent
them.
This
article
will
give
you
all
the
information
you
need
to
fully
understand muscle cramps.


多数人不明白什么是肌肉抽筋，那就让我们来了解为什么会出现这个现象并如何避免其发
生。这 篇文章会让你完全了解肌肉抽筋的情况。


What Is A Cramp?


什么是肌肉抽筋？



A
muscle
cramp
is
an
involuntarily
and
forcibly
contracted
muscle
that
does
not
relax.
Muscle
cramps normally
last from a few seconds to up to fifteen minutes. On rare occurrences they can
last
longer
than
fifteen
minutes.
A
cramp
can
persist
numerous
times
until
it
eventually
goes
away. Cramps can effect the muscles differently
- for instance it can affect a group of muscles, a
single muscle, or even a specific part of a muscle.


肌肉抽筋是指肌肉的 无意识强烈收缩，无法获得松弛。肌肉抽筋通常会持续几秒到
15
分钟
的时间。在个别 情况下，可能会持续
15
分钟以上。抽筋可能会重复很多次才会最终消失。
抽筋会在不 同程度影响肌肉，比如一组肌群，一块单独的肌肉，甚至一块肌肉的某个部分。


Who Can Get A Cramp?


什么人会抽筋？


Cramps are very common not only in athletes, but also in someone who is sedentary all day long.
Children and
seniors alike can be victim to cramping. Aging is a nasty concept- and unfortunately
as you age, your chance of frequent cramping increases.


抽筋不仅仅会影 响运动员，
甚至连整天坐在椅子上的人也可能抽筋。
儿童和老年人也可能成
为抽筋的受 害者。
虽然衰老是令人讨厌的事情，
但遗憾的是，
随着你逐渐衰老，
抽筋的几 率
也会逐渐上升。


Can All Muscles Cramp?


所有的肌肉都会抽筋吗？


All skeletal muscles can cramp at any given moment. A very common cramp that majority of the
population
has experienced one time or another occurs with the calf muscle
(named a
horse


所有的骨骼肌都会在任何时候发生抽筋的状况。
大多 数人可能都经历过的抽筋可能就是小腿
抽筋。多数抽筋都发生在腿部的下肢部位。


Are There Different Types Of Cramps?

抽筋也分很多种吗？


Cramps are classified according to the muscle groups they affect and their different causes. There
are four types of skeletal muscle cramps:


抽筋可根据被影响的肌 群和其影响的方式而进行分类。主要有
4
种骨骼肌抽筋：


1. True cramps
真正的抽筋

2. Contractures
挛缩

3. Tetany
搐搦症

4. Dystonic cramps
肌张力异常性抽筋


1. True Cramps:
真正的抽筋


True cramps are caused by hyperexcitability of the nerves of a muscle. They can involve part or a
whole
muscle
group.
True
cramps
are
the
most
common
type
of
skeletal
muscle
cramp.
These
types of cramps can occur due to many factors.


真正的抽筋是由于肌肉神经的兴奋过度造成的。
这可能影响到部分或整个 肌群。
真正的抽筋
是最常见的骨骼肌抽筋现象。这种现象可能由很多不同的条件造成。


Vigorous Activity:
剧烈运动


When
playing sports, muscle fatigue as well as vigorous
use of the muscles can cause cramping.
These cramps can occur either during or after the activity. Older individuals are at a higher risk
for cramping while doing any type of intense physical activities.


当进行体 育活动时，
肌肉疲劳和肌肉的激烈运动都可能造成抽筋。
抽筋可能发生在运动过程
中或 之后。年长者有更高几率在剧烈身体运动后发生抽筋。


Just the opposite case can also cause muscle cramping. If an individual is lying or even
sitting in
an awkward position for a long period of time cramping can result.


相反的状况也可能造成肌肉抽筋。
如果某个人以不当的姿势躺着甚至坐着一段时间，
也可能
造成抽筋。


Injury:
受伤


An injury alone can cause cramping. Cramping can occur as a protective mechanism following an
injury. In this case, the cramp occurs to stabilize the injury and to minimize movement from that
area.


受伤也可能造成抽筋的现象。
抽筋可以在受伤后起 到保护机制的作用。
这种情况下，
抽筋会
使伤处确保稳定，并限制其行动幅度到最小化 。


Dehydration:
脱水


Dehydration
is
mainly
caused
by
warm
weather
in
which
it
can
be
an
early
sign
of
something
more serious such as heat stroke. Athletes and those individuals who are doing vigorous activities
are more likely to become dehydrated due to fluid loss from perspiration.


由于高温天气引起的脱水现象也很可能是中暑之类 的严重问题的前兆。
运动员们和一些其他
人在进行激烈运动时最有可能因为排汗导致身体水分流 失。


Bodybuilders are commonly found
using products such as diuretics to push out any extra water
they are carrying so that their definition will be better on stage. While trying to put out the water,
many bodybuilders lower sodium levels so they do not retain any water that they lost. This loss of
sodium
can
cause
dehydration
and
cramping.
That
is
why
when
someone
is
cramping,
they
sometimes give them a salt tablet to take with some water.


健美选手们普遍地使用利尿剂来排除体内水分，
以使舞台上的肌肉线条更加清晰。
当试图排
除身体水分的时候，
很多健美选手并不及 时补充水分，
导致体内钠含量也被降低。
钠流失会
造成脱水和抽筋。这就是为什么当有 人抽筋时，人们有时会给其服用一片盐片就水喝下。


Low Potassium Levels:
钾水平降低


When
potassium
levels
are
low,
muscles
are
weakened
and
muscle
cramps
can
occur.
Eating
bananas will help keep potassium levels normal so that the chances of cramping are minimized.


当体内钾含量降低，肌肉会 被削弱，并导致抽筋。食用香蕉可以帮助保持体内钾水平正常，
并使抽筋的几率维持最小化。


Low Blood Calcium, Magnesium:
血液钙、镁元素降低


When there are low levels of calcium or magnesium in the blood, nerve endings and muscles are
affected.
This
can
be
caused
by
diuretics,
inadequate
calcium
and
magnesium
in
the
diet,
inadequate vitamin D in the
diet, and excessive vomiting. The excitability of muscles and nerve
endings
are
increased
when
there
are
low
blood
calcium
and
magnesium
levels
which
cause