新西兰可瑞康价格-致我们逝去的童年
接种二价和四价与未接种者发病率对比
一:中文文献
数字模型显示:经过对11- 13岁的少女接种由葛兰素史克(GSK)生产的宫颈癌疫苗Cervarix
有望降低子宫颈癌的发生 率高达80%。
来源:刘巧俏、林乾 .宫颈癌疫苗Cervarix可以有效降低宫颈癌发病率[J].国外医学情报
2006,12(15),15-16.
随机双盲对照的临床试验已证 实,Gardasil四价疫苗,可预防98%相关宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅱ
级及其以上病变(CIN II+),Cervarix二价疫苗可预防90%CIN II+。
来源:乔友林、赵宇倩。宫颈癌的流行病学现状和预防 [J].中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子
版)2015年4月第11卷第2期 ,01-05
一项 III 期临床试验表明,Cervarix抗致癌型 HPV16 和 18 持续感染( 6 个月)的效果
分别 为 84.1%( 97.9% CI, 49.1% ~87.8%) 和 74%( 97.9% CI, 49.1%~87.8%)。Gardasil
对 HPV16 和18 相关的 CIN 2+损害的防护作用有效率达 98%。 一项为期 15 个月的分析
表明,Cervarix 对 HPV16 和18 相关的 CIN 2+损害的防护作用有效率达 90.4%,且对
HPV45、 31 和 52 型具有交叉保护作用。Cervarix 对 HPV45、 31、 52 持续感染(6 个月)
的防护作用有效率 分 别 为 59.9%(97.9% CI, 2.6% ~85.2%, p=0.0165)、 36.1% (97.9%
CI, 0.5%~59.5%, p=0.0173)和31.6%(97.9% CI, 3.5%~51.9%, p=0.0093)
来源:唐 隽,郝 飞 .宫颈癌疫苗的现状和前景 免疫学杂志 2010 年 6 月 第 26 卷 第 6
期 546-550
二:英文文献
1、接种与不接种疫苗HPV感染率对比
1.1、
澳大利亚数据:
HPV感染率
澳大利亚
未接种者
28.7%
接种者
6.7%
原文:Theprevalence of HPV 16 and 18 specifically declined dramaticallyfrom 28.7%
to 6.7%, correlating to a vaccine effectiveness of73% for HPV 16 and 18 .
来源:Tabrizi SN, Brotherton JM, Kaldor JM, Skinner SR, Cummins E, LiuB, Bateson
D, McNamee K, Garefalakis M, Garland SM. Fall inhuman papillomavirus prevalence
following a national vaccinationprogram. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:1645-51;
PMID:23087430
1.2、美国数据
HPV感染率
总体(any HPV type)
HPV16、18
未接种者
32.9%
11.5%
接种者
26.1%
5.1%
美国数据-四价疫苗
原文:An evaluation of HPV prevalence in patient self-swab specimens from
thepre-vaccine era (2003–2006) to the post-vaccineera (2007–2010) showed that
overall HPV prevalence in 14 to19 y old females declined from 32.9% to 26.1% and
HPV 16and 18 prevalence specifically declined from 11.5% to 5.1%.
来源:Markowitz LE, Hariri S, Lin C, Dunne EF, Steinau M, McQuillan G,Unger ER.
Reduction in human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalenceamong young women following HPV
vaccine introduction in theUnited States, National Health and Nutrition Examination
Surveys,2003-2010. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:385-93; PMID:23785124
2、疫苗的有效率
2.1 应用二价或四价疫苗的总体效果(
clinical effectiveness
)。
clinical effectiveness
有效率
对HPV16.18
86%
对HPV31、33、45
58%
结果:接种的整体效果:与未接种疫苗的妇女相比,接种二价和四价的疫苗 的女性中,降低
HPV16.18感染的有效率达到86%,降低HPV31、33、45的有效率达到 58%。
原文:Bivalent and quadrivalent vaccine clinical effectiveness :A follow-up study
with a larger group from the same cohort validated vaccination history and found
a statistically significant vaccine effectiveness of 86% for HPV types 16 and 18
and 58% for 31,33,45 when comparing fully vaccinated to unvaccinated women.
来源:Rebecca Luckett,Sarah Feldman. Impact of 2-.4-and 9-valent HPV vaccines on
morbidity and mortality from cervical Vaccines &immunotherapeutics
2016 VOL .6,1332-1342.
2.2 单独应用二价或者四价疫苗的效果
有效率
应用二价疫苗(未被HPV16、92.9%
18感染)
应用四价疫苗(HPV16、18阴
性)
98%
2.2.1
单独应用二价疫苗与未注射二价疫苗有效性对比
结果:在由疫苗生产商—— GlaxoSm ithKline资助的PATRICIA试验中,对于四价宫颈
癌疫苗对宫颈癌预防的临床疗效做出了 评估。在对超过18000位15到25岁的女性的 III
期、多国家、前瞻性、双盲、安慰剂控制实 验中,在没有HPV16、18感染史的女性中,四价
疫苗在HPV16、18阴性患者中,对于HPV 16、18相关的CIN2级或者以上病变具有92.9%的
有效性。
在有HPV1 6、18感染史的病人中,二价疫苗对于预防HPV相关的CIN2级病变有52.8%
的有效率,对于 预防HPV16、18相关的CIN3级病变有33.6%的有效率。
原文:The clinical efficacy of the bivalent vaccine on prevention of cervical cancer
precursors was evaluated in the PATRICIA trial (Papilloma trial against cancer in
young adults), which was funded by GlaxoSmithKline, the maker of the vaccine. In
this phase III, multi-national, prospective, double-blind, placebo controlled trial
of more than 18,000 women aged 15 to 25 years, the vaccine was found to have 92.9%
efficacy in preventing HPV16 and 18 associated CIN2 or worse (CIN2C) lesions .in
women who were HPV-naive at the start of the study.
Among those with a history of HPV infection, the vaccine had 52.8%efficacy in
preventing HPV16 and 18-associated CIN2 lesions and 33.6% efficacy in preventing
HPV 16 and 18-associated CIN3 lesions
来源:Paavonen J, Naud P, Salmeron J, Wheeler CM, Chow SN, Apter D,Kitchener H,
Castellsague X, Teixeira JC, Skinner SR, et al. Efficacy of human papillomavirus
(HPV)-1618 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused
by oncogenic HPV
types (PATRICIA): final analysis of a double-blind, randomized study in young women.
Lancet 2009; 374:301-14; PMID:19586656
2.2.2
单独应用四价疫苗与未注射四价疫苗有效性对比
结果:在由疫苗生产商——默克公司资助的Future II试验中,对四价宫颈癌疫苗的临床疗
效做出了评估。在对超过12000位15到26岁的女性的 III期、多国家、前瞻性、双盲、
安慰剂控制实验中,在没有HPV16、18感染史的女性中,四价 疫苗对于初级的复合病变有
98%的有效性,这些病变包括CIN2,CIN3,AIS和HPV161 8感染。
在包括有HPV感染史的病人中,四价疫苗对抗HPV16和HPV18引起的incident
infection有效率分别为42%和79%。
原文:The clinical efficacy of the quadrivalent vaccine on cervical cancer precursors
was evaluated in the Future II trial (Females United to Unilaterally Reduce EndoEctocervical
Disease),which was funded by Merck, the maker of the vaccine. In this phase III, multinational,
prospective, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of more than 12,000 women aged 15 to 26 y
of age, the vaccine had 98% efficacy in preventing the primary composite outcome (CIN2, CIN3,
AIS, and HPV 16 and 18
infection) in women who were HPV 16 and 18 naive.
Among all women, including those with a history of HPV infection, the vaccine had an
efficacy of 42% and 79% against incident infection with HPV 16 and 18, respectively.
来源:Villa L, Perez G, Kjaer S, Paavonen J, Lehtinen M, Munoz N, et al. Quadrivalent vaccine
against human papillomavirus to prevent high- grade cervical lesions. NEJM 2007;
356(19):1915-27; PMID:17494925
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