如何治疗盆腔炎TED：睡眠不足会发生什么？中英文稿

2021年2月24日发(作者：如何控制饮食减肥)
TED
：睡眠不足会发生什么？



In 1965, 17 year-old high school student Randy Gardner stay awake for 264 hours, that's 11 days ,to see how he'd cope without sleep. On the second day his eyes
stopped focusing. Next he lost the ability to identify objects by touch. By day three, Gardner was moody and uncoordinated. At the end of the experiment, he was
struggling to concentrate, had trouble with short term memory, became
paranoid
and started
hallucinating
. Although Gardner recovered without long
term
psychological
or physical damage, for others losing shut-eye can result in
hormone
imbalance, illness, and extreme cases, death. We're only beginning to
understand why we sleep to begin with, but we do know it's essential. Adults need 7 to 8 hours sleep at night, and
adolescents
need about 10.





1965
年，
17
岁的高中生兰迪加纳德持续
264
小时，也就是
11
天不睡觉 ，想看看会发生什么。在持续不睡的第二天，他的眼睛停止了聚焦。随
后，他丧失了通过触摸鉴别事物的 能力。到了第三天，加纳德变得焦躁且笨拙。实验结束时，他已经不能集中注意力。短期记忆力出现问题，变得偏 执
且开始出现幻觉。虽然实验并未对加纳德造成任何心理或生理上的长期损伤，但对有些人来说，不睡觉 会导致激素分泌失调，疾病甚至死亡。一开始我
们只是意识到人类需要睡眠。却不知道其根本原因。成年 人每晚需要
7
至
8
小时的睡眠，青少年则需要
10
小时。< br>


We grow sleepy due the signals from our body telling our brain we are tired, and signals from the environment telling us it's dark outside. The rise in sleep
inducing chemicals, like
adenosine
and
melatonin
, send us into a light dose that grows deeper. Making our breathing and heart rate slow down and our muscles relax.
This non REM sleep is when DNA is repaired and our bodies
replenish
themselves for the day ahead. In the United States, it's estimated that 30% of adults and 66%
of adolescents are regularly
sleep- deprived
. This isn't just a
minorinconvenience
. Staying awake can cause serious bodily harm. When we lose sleep, learning,
memory, mood, and reaction time are affected.
Sleeplessness
may also cause
inflammation
,
hallucinations
, high blood pressure, and it's even been linked
to
diabetes
and
obesity
, in 2014, a devoted soccer fan died after staying awake for 48hrs to watch the world cup. While his untimely death was due to a
stroke
, studies
show that
chronically
sleeping fewer than 6 hours a night increasing stroke risk by 4.5 times, compared to those getting consistent 7 to 8 hours of shut-eye. For a
handful of people on the planet who carry a rare inherited genetic
mutation
, sleeplessness is a daily reality. This condition is known as fatal family
insomnia
. Place
the body in a night mirror state of wakefulness, forbidding it from entering the
sanctuary
of sleep. Within months for years, this progressively worsening condition
leads to
dementia
and death.





我们觉得困倦时因为身体 向大脑发出了疲倦的信号。也因为外界环境给予了我们天黑的信号。人体则加量分泌能增进睡意的化学物质，如腺 苷和
褪黑激素。
让我们的呼吸和心跳频率降低并使肌肉放松。
这种非快速眼动睡眠发生 在
DNA
修复以及身体自我补给时。
调查发现美国
30%
的成年人与
66%
的青少年睡眠不足。可别小看了睡眠不足的后果。一直不睡觉会严重损害身体健康。当我 们长时间不睡觉时，学习能力、记忆力、情绪以及反应能力将
受到影响。缺乏睡眠也可能导致炎症、幻觉 、高血压，甚至糖尿病和肥胖都与睡眠不足有关。
2014
年就有一位足球死忠粉在持续
48
小时观看世界杯后
死亡。虽说他的早逝归根结底是因为中风，但研究表明夜间睡眠少于< br>6
小时的人同长期保持
7-8
小时睡眠的人相比，中风的风险会增加
4 .5
倍。对那些
携带罕见病变遗传基因的人来说失眠是常事。这种被称作致命性家族性失眠的现 象，能让身体在夜里处于清醒状态，禁止其入睡。不出数年这种逐渐恶
化的症状会导致精神错乱和死亡。



How can sleep
deprivation
cause such
immense
suffering? Scientists think the answer lies with the accumulation of waste products in the brain. During our
waking hours, our cells are busy using up our day's energy sources, which get broken down into various
by-products
, including
adenosine
. As adenosine builds up, it
increases the urge to sleep, also known as sleep pressure. In fact,
caffeine
works by
blocking
adenosine
receptor
pathways. Other waste products also build up in the
brain, and if they're not cleared away, they collectively overload the brain and our thought to lead to the many negative
symptoms
of sleep deprivation. So what's
happening in our brain when we sleep, to prevent this? Scientists found something called the
Glymphatic
System, a clean-up mechanism that removes this build up
and is much more active when we're asleep. It works by using
cerebrospinal
fluid to flush away
toxic
by-products that accumulate between cells.
Lymphatic vessels
,
with serve as pathways for immune cells have recently been discovered in the brain, and they may also play a role in clearing out the brain's daily waste products.
While scientists continue exploring the
restorative
mechanisms behind sleep, we can be sure that sleeping into
slumber
is a necessity, if we wanna maintain our
health and our
sanity
.





睡眠不足为何如此痛苦呢？科学家们认为其原因为大脑中废物的累积。当我们 清醒时，细胞正忙于消耗我们一天中产生的能量。而这些能量的产
生会分解出各种副产品，例如腺苷。腺 苷的不断产生会使睡眠欲望增加。这样的欲望也被称作睡眠压力。事实上，咖啡因就是通过阻碍腺苷的接收途径< br>来发挥作用的。其它的垃圾产物也会在大脑中堆积。而如果它们不被清理掉，大脑将超负荷运转。同时可能 引起许多睡眠不足的不良症状。所以当我们
睡着时，大脑是如何防止这种情况发生的呢？科学家们发现了 脑部的类淋巴系统。它是一种可以清除这些垃圾产物的清洁机制。并且在我们睡眠时比较
活跃。这种机制 利用脑脊髓液将细胞间积累的有毒副产品冲刷掉。最后研究员发现在大脑中作为免疫细胞通道的淋巴血管。这些血 管可能也起到了清理
大脑日常垃圾的作用。尽管科学家们还在继续探索人睡着后的修复机制，我们可以肯 定的是，如果我们想保持健康的身心良好的睡眠是非常必要的。

序号

生词

音标

词性

Definition
中文解释

1
paranoid
/'per
?
.n
??
d/
adj
Characterized
by
or
suffering
from
the
mental
c
ondition
of
paranoia
多疑的；恐惧的；患偏执症的；
有妄想狂的

2
hallucinate
/h
??
lu
?
s
?
ne
?
t/
VERB
[NO
OBJECT]
Experience
a
seemingly
real
perception
of
some
thing
not
actually
present,
typically
as
a
result
o
f
a
mental
disorder
or
of
taking
drugs
vt.
使产生幻觉

3
psychological
/s
??
k
??
l
?
d
??
k(
?
)l/
adj
Of,
affecting,
or
arising
in
the
mind;
related
to
t
he
mental
and
emotional
state
of
a
person
adj.
心理的
;
精神上的，精神
（现象）的
;
心理学（上）的
;
关于心理学的

A
regulatory
/
?
r
?
ɡ
j
?
l
?
t(
?
)ri/
调整的
;
监管的

substa
nce
produced
in
an
organism
and
transported
i
4
hormone
/
?
h
??
m
??
n/
n
n
tissue
fluids
组织液

such
as
blood
or
sap/s?p/
（植物体内运送养分的）液，汁

to
stimulate
specific

cells
or
tissues
into
action.
n.
荷尔蒙
;
激素

5
adolescent
/.?d
?
'les(
?
)nt/
n
An
adolescent
boy
or
girl
青少年

NOUN
6
adenosine
/
??
d
?
n
?
(
?
)si
?
n/
[MASS
NOUN]
Biochemistry
A
compound
consisting
of
adenine
combined
wi
th
ribose,
present
in
all
living
tissue
in
combine
d
form
as
nucleotides.
n.
腺苷

A
hormone
secreted
by
the
pineal
gland
which
NOUN
7
melatonin
/
?
m
?< br>l
??
t
??
n
?
n/
[MASS
NOUN]
Biochemistry
inhibits
melanin
formation
and
is
thought
to
be

concerned
with
regulating
the
reproductive
cycl
e.
松果体分泌的一种激素，抑制黑色素的形成，被认为与
调节生殖周期有关。

n.
褪黑激素

8
replenish
/r
??
pl
?
n
??
/
VERB
[WITH
OBJECT]
1.
Fill
(something)
up
again:
1.1
Restore
(a
stock
or
supply)
to
a
former
leve
vt.
补充
;
重新装满
;
把…装
满
;
l
or
condition:
9
sleep-deprive
d

ADJECTIVE
Suffering
from
a
lack
of
sleep:
睡眠不足的；睡眠严重不足的；
剥夺了睡眠的

10
deprived
/d
??
pr
??
vd/
ADJECTIVE
Suffering
a
severe
and
damaging
lack
of
basic
material
and
cultural
benefits

11
minor
/
?
m
??
n
?
/
ADJECTIVE
Lesser
in
importance,
seriousness,
or
significanc
e:
adj.
较小的，少数的

12
inconvenience
/
?
nk
?
n
?
vi
?
n
??
ns /
NOUN
[MASS
NOUN]
The
state
or
fact
of
being
troublesome
or
diffic
ult
with
regard
to
one
’
s
personal
requirements
or
comfort:
n.
不方便
;
麻烦
;
为难之处
;
麻烦事

13
Sleeplessness
/
?
sli
?
pl
?
sn
?
s/
NOUN
[MASS
NOUN]
Inability
to
sleep;
insomnia
n.
失眠，警觉

A
localized
physical
condition
in
which
part
of
t
14
inflammation
/
?
nfl
??
me
??
(
?
)n/
NOUN
[MASS
NOUN]
he
body
becomes
reddened,
swollen,
hot,
and
often
painful,
especially
as
a
reaction
to
injury
or
infection
n.
[
医
]
炎症
;
燃烧
;
发火

15
hallucination /h
??
lu
?
s
??
ne
??
(< br>?
)n/
n
An
experience
involving
the
apparent
perception

of
something
not
present
n.
幻觉，幻想
;
错觉

(also
diabetes
mellitus
/d
????
bi
?
ti
?
z
m
??
l
??
t
?
s/)
A
disease
in
which
the
body
’
s
ability
to
produc
e
or
respond
to
the
hormone
insulin
is
impaire
d,
resulting
in
abnormal
metabolism
of
carbohy
drates
and
elevated
levels
of
glucose
in
the
blo
od.
16
diabetes
/d
????
bi
?
ti
?
z/
NOUN
[MASS
NOUN]
There
are
two
main
types
of
diabetes.
In
Type
1
diabetes,
the
body
lacks
the
cells
which
prod
uce
insulin
in
the
pancreas.
In
Type
2
diabetes
(which
is
more
common,
and
often
develops
lat
er
in
life)
the
cells
of
the
body
fail
to
respond
to
insulin
normally
and
the
pancreas
does
not
produce
enough
insulin.
See
also
diabetes
insipi
dus
n.
<
医
>
糖尿病
;
17
obesity
/
?
(
?
)
?
bi
?
s
?ti/
NOUN
[MASS
NOUN]
The
state
of
being
grossly
fat
or
overweight
n.
肥胖，过胖
;
肥胖症

18
stroke
/str
??
k/
n
A
sudden
disabling
attack
or
loss
of
consciousn
ess
caused
by
an
interruption
in
the
flow
of
blo
n.
中风
;
一击
;
击球
;
划水动作
;