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治疗牙疼的偏方泌尿系统影像学检查

作者:陕西保健网
来源:http://www.xapfxb.com/yuer
更新日期:2021-01-30 05:10

男性补肾药品-降压表

2021年1月30日发(作者:红葡萄酒泡洋葱)

泌尿系统影像学检查

浙江大学医学院附属第一医院放射科


第一学时:




?

泌尿系影像的检查方法及比较、正常影像表现

?

疾病的影像基本征象

?

常见病变的影像诊断

?

肾脏:发育变异与异常;感染性病变;肿瘤性病变;外伤性病变

?

膀胱:肿瘤性病变

?

肾上腺:肿瘤性病变

?

前列腺病变

?

肾上腺病变










?












尿







?

数目、位置、形态、大小、密度改变及强化特点等

?













尿







?

位置、形态、扩张与狭窄、充盈缺损等

?











一、检查技术

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

超声
Ultrasound-anatomy
普通
X
线检查

?

尿路平片
KUB- Plain film of abdomen-Cheap and easy to obtain
?

尿路造影
Intravenous urography and pyelography (IVU and IVP)

anatomy & function
CT Computed tomography-anatomy & function
动脉造影
Arteriography
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

anatomy & function
放射性核素检查
Radionuclide examination-function
PET/CT-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography
(FDG-PET)/CT- anatomy+function, under investigation











?

X
线











尿






尿












?

C
T













C
T
U

C
T
A

?

M
R
I













M
R
U

M
R
A

?

D
S
A

*












































?

X
线



?

尿




?

尿




?




尿




I
V
P


?




尿




?






K
U
B





尿




I
n
t
r
a
v
e
n
o
u
s

U
r
o
g
r
a
p
h
y

a
n
d

pyelography
(
I
V
P
)

?








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?






U
r
o
g
r
a
f
i
n


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I
o
p
a
m
i
d
o
l


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I
o
p
r
o
m
i
d
e


?

排泄性尿路造影(
IVP


?

常规法



20

40ml
造影剂静注后,摄
5’

10’

15’
双侧肾区片,去
除腹部压迫摄
30’< br>全尿路片。

?

大剂量法



100ml
造影剂
+
等量
5%
葡萄糖
5-10
分钟 静脉内滴完;

5’

10’

15’


30’


IVP examination



尿






R
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5

1
0
m
l





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尿










D
S
A





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T
1
2

L
1

















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C
o
m
p
u
t
e
d

T
o
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
,

C
T

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,








仿











C
T



C
T


















C
o
m
p
u
t
e
d

T
o
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
,

C
T

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CT after injection of contrast medium
?

Corticomedullary phase
(皮髓质期)

?

CT scan with 35-40s delay time
?

Artery and cortex enhanced
?

Nephrographic phase
(实质期)

?

CT scan with 90s delay time
?

Renal parenchyma homogeneously enhanced

CT urography & angiography
?

CTU and/or CTA
指征




Indications for CTU & CTA
?

Investigation of renal calculi
(肾结石)

?

Investigation of haematuria
(血尿)

?

Characterization of a renal mass
(肾肿块)

?

Staging and follow-up of renal carcinoma
(肾癌)

?

To delineate renal vascular anatomy(eg. suspected renal artery
stenosis or prior to live related kidney donation)
(肾动脉狭窄
&

植供体评估)

?

To diagnose or exclude trauma
(外伤)

How to do CTU?

?

Non-contrast CT KUB: Thin sections and reformatted
?

To identify any calculi of KUB and potential lesions of abdomen
?

CTU is obtained 10 min after injection of contrast medium


?

Urographic phase
(尿路造影期)

?

10-15 min delay
?

Dense contrast in pelvicaliceal system
(集合系统)
, ureter
(输
尿管)
,and bladder
(膀胱)

?

Reformats needed

MRI
?

Values similar to CT ,more helpful in rare cases
?

Advantage
?

No radiation ,multiple planes,multiple parameter imaging
?

Sensitive to hydronephrosis
?

T1WI and T2WI
?

Nearly no or low allergic complication due to constrast
?

Disadvantage
?

Insensitive to calcification and thus stones
?


Contrast enhancement needed and phases similar to CT and
more variable
?


Sensitive to motion



第二学时




尿










Kidney
?

位置变化,轮廓:压迹或膨隆

?

局部压迹
-persistent fetal lobulations or scars
?

局部膨隆

mass or cyst ,variant- splenic hump
?








R
e
n
a
l

l
e
n
g
t
h

a
b
o
u
t

1
0

t
o

1
6

c
m

a
n
d

p
a
r
e
n
c
h
y
m
a
l

w
i
d
t
h

2

t
o

2
.
5
c
m

?

肾盏
Calices:
?

Evenly distributed and reasonably symmetrical.
?

杯口状凹陷
Cupped
in normal shape
?

棒状扩张
Clubbed
when dilated due to destruction of the
papilla( uncommon) and obstruction (often)

?

压迹
Compressed and pushed by mass

?







I
r
r
e
g
u
l
a
r

a
f
t
e
r

i
n
v
a
s
i
o
n

b
y

t
u
m
o
r

?

肾盂和输尿管
Renal pelvis and ureters
?

Part of the length seen in IVU
?

Dilatation due to obstruction or congenital variant
?

Filling defect: tumor, calculi ,clot et.
?

肾蒂:由前向后排列肾静脉、肾动脉、肾盂


?

?
膀胱
Bladder

Smooth









?












尿







?

数目、位置、形态、大小、密度改变及强化特点等

?













尿







?

位置、形态、扩张与狭窄、充盈缺损等

?















?












?




?






?






?






?















Urinary Tract Disorders
?

先天性发育异常
Congenital abnormalities
?

尿路梗阻性病变
Obstructive lesions
?

肿块
Masses: cysts and tumors
?

感染性病变
Infections
?

血管性病变
Vascular lesions
?

外伤性病变
Traumatic lesions

Congenital abnormalities
?

Urinary Tract
?

重复畸形
Bifid collecting system
?

Ureters or/and pelvis are bifid
?

Ureters may join at any levels and open jointly or separately
into bladder

?

输尿管囊肿
Ureterocele-Dilated lower ureter prolapse into
bladder.

?

Congenital pelviureteric junction obstruction

?

Kidney
?

Ectopic kidney

异位肾

?

Ascent of kidney halts during fetal development
?

Kidneys in lower position with rotation

?

Or/and on the same side and fused

?

Horseshoe kidney
马蹄肾

?

Due to failure of separation during development
?

Commonly fused in the lower poles


多囊性肾病多囊肾

?

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
?

Usually presents at age of 35 to 55 y
?

Multiple cysts on US, CT,and MRI
?

Liver and pancreas may involved
?

SI and density of cysts similar to water
?

No enhancement







Urinary Tract Disorders
?

先天性发育异常
Congenital abnormalities
?

尿路梗阻性病变
Obstructive lesions
?

肿块
Masses: cysts and tumors
?

感染性病变
Infections
?

血管性病变
Vascular lesions
?

外伤性病变
Traumatic lesions

Obstructive lesions
?

Imaging modalities
?

X-ray examination

first choice
?

IVU needed-primary imaging modality
?

Plain CT and CTU may alternative to IVU

?

Causes:
?

Within the lumen

?

In the wall,
?

Out of the wall,
?

Congenital

男性补肾药品-降压表


男性补肾药品-降压表


男性补肾药品-降压表


男性补肾药品-降压表


男性补肾药品-降压表


男性补肾药品-降压表


男性补肾药品-降压表


男性补肾药品-降压表



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