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圣妻组织学与胚胎学作业

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更新日期:2020-12-21 01:59

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2020年12月21日发(作者:胎心监护多少钱一次?已解决)

组织学与胚胎学
电子实验报告
班 级
姓 名
专 业
学 号
电子信箱
完成日期





























实验一 假复层纤毛柱状上皮


报告主题:柱状细胞
主体属性:指定
标本号: 27#
材料: 豚鼠气管横切片
染色: HE
教学要求:掌握假复层纤毛柱状上皮的侧面形态结构
纤毛
Cilium
杯状细胞
Goblet
cellGoblet
cell
柱状细胞
Columnar
cells


图1 柱状细胞(豚鼠器官横切片,HE染色,40×10)

光镜 下,大部分粘膜表面有整齐的上皮层,但气管后壁的上皮随黏膜皱缩而
呈现凹凸不平,选择平整的部位观 察,可见各种上皮细胞的境界不清,细胞核染
蓝紫色,形状各异,大小不一,高低不齐,常排列3~4层 。

Then, most of the mucosal surface is neat on the cortex, but the epithelium with
mucous membrane after tracheal wall, which appear uneven ng flat
site to observe, various epithelial cell's boundary is not clear, the nucleus dyeing
cells have a variety of shapes and sizes,they are high and low not neat,
often arranged three to four layers.




实验二 骨单位


报告主题:骨单位(哈弗斯系统)
主题属性:指定
标本号: 6#
材料: 脱钙骨切片
染色: Schmorl氏法块染
教学要求:掌握光镜下骨组织的结构特点
骨陷窝
bone
lacuna
中央管
central
canal
间骨板
IInterstitial
lamella
bone

图2 骨切片(脱钙骨切片,Schmorl染色,40×10 )
镜下观:标本中间部,可见许多哈弗斯系 统(骨单位)。通过高倍镜观察,
哈弗斯系统中央为圆形的中央管;在骨单位之间,有一些不规则排列的 间骨板。
与骨内、外表面平行排列的数层骨板,分别称内、外环骨板,骨板之间或骨板中
可见棕 黄色的小腔,即骨陷窝。骨陷窝之间有细小的骨小管相连通。
Specimen intermedius, visible many haversian systems (bone). By observing at
high magnification, central for circular tube in the middle of the haversian system;
Between bone units, there are some irregular arrangement between the bone plate.
And bone, interior and exterior parallel arrangement of the bone plate layers,
respectively, according to internal and external ring bone plate, bone plate or bone
plate between the small cavity of tan, the bone pit. Between the bone pit has some
small bone canalicules connected to each other.



canalicules

central canal

骨小管


实验三 心肌
报告主题:心肌纤维
主题属性:指定
标本号: 12#
材料: 人心肌切片
染色: HE
教学要求:掌握人心肌纤维纵断面和横断面的结构特点
细胞核
Nucleus
闰盘
Intercalated
Disk
图3-1 人心肌切片,HE染色,40×10


光镜下:纵断面心肌细胞互相平行排列,核卵圆形,染色钱,位于中央;心
肌纤维的直径比骨骼肌纤维小,有横纹;胞质丰富,显色较淡;心肌纤维端端连
接处,可见闰盘和步明 显的横纹。心肌膜厚,分层不明显。
Under light microscopy: profile cardiac muscle cells are arranged parallel to each
nucleus which is ovoid and dyeing located in the central; Myocardial fiber
diameter is smaller than skeletal muscle’s, there are horizontal lines; Rich in
cytoplasm, with lighter color; there are intercalated disk in myocardial fiber end to
end joint.







心肌横切面
细胞核
Nucleus
图3-2人心肌切片,HE,40×10
镜下观:心肌纤维的横断 面,可见肌纤维的各种断面呈圆形或不规则形的小
块,有的有圆形染色浅淡的细胞核,横断面的中央常染 色较浅。

Cardiac muscle fiber cross- sectional, assumes the circular or irregular shape of the
small pieces and some are round dyed pale。Nucleus, often in the middle of the cross
section staining shallow











实验四 多级神经元
报告主题:多级神经元细胞
主题属性:指定
标本号: 9#
材料: 小牛脊髓及脊神经节横切片
染色: HE
教学要求:掌握脊髓前脚多级神经元(运动神经元)的形态与结构。
神经胶质细胞

glial cells
尼氏体
Nissl body
多极神经元
Multipolar
neurons
图4 小牛脊髓及脊神经节横切片 HE染色,40×10

神经元的的细胞核大、圆、亮,核仁清楚(部分切片未切到细胞核或 核仁)
细胞体形状不规则呈多角形、椎体形或梭形;胞体和突起中可见到许多蓝紫色的
不规则的 小斑块,即尼氏体,轴突与轴丘内无尼氏体。因为每个神经元只有一条
轴突,故切片上易见到树突的切面 。

Neurons in the nucleus is big, round, bright and cell body and bumps in
visible to many of the irregular small patches in violet, namely austenite, axon and
shaft inside the dome, austenite.






实验五 空肠绒毛
报告主题:空肠绒毛
主题属性:指定
标本号: 19#
材料: 猫空肠横切面
染色: HE
教学要求:掌握空肠绒毛和肠腺的结构


小肠绒毛
Intestinal
villi
图5-1 猫空肠横切片 HE染色,10×10




纹状缘

striated
border
单层柱状
上皮细胞
columnar
淋巴细胞
lymphocytes
杯状细胞
Goblet cells
图5-2 猫空肠横切片 HE染色,40×10

镜下观

腔面有由上皮和固有层共同突出形 成的小肠绒毛,绒毛被切成各种
断面。绒毛表面为单层柱状上皮,为柱状细胞和少量杯状细胞;内侧紫红 色部分
为黏膜,突向唱腔的许多细小突起微绒毛,即小肠绒毛,是鉴别器官所属的重要
依据;外 侧红色部分为肌层;粘膜与肌层之间的淡染区为黏膜下层。

Cavity surface has outstanding form together by epithelium and lamina propria of
small intestinal villus. The purple part as the mucous membrane, made a surprise to
many tiny bumps microvilli of the singing; Outside of the red part is the muscle layer;
The mucosa and muscle layer between the submucosa is light colored.











实验六 中等动脉
报告主题:中等动脉
主题属性:指定
标本号: 10#
材料: 狗中动脉
染色: HE
教学要求:掌握中等动脉的结构特点
外膜
Outer membrane

中膜
Membrane

内弹性膜
The intern
elastic lamina

图6 狗中等动脉切片 HE染色,40×10
镜下观:内弹性膜是由弹性蛋白构成的薄膜,贴近管腔 面,为一条呈波浪状
的折光性强的粉红色亮带,它是内膜和中膜的分界标志。内膜很薄,内皮下层极难看到。内弹性膜的外侧为中膜,较厚,主要由数十层环行的平滑肌细胞构成.
外膜较厚,染色较淡 ,由疏松结缔组织构成。在近中膜处,弹性纤维多,并密集
排列成2~3层,即外弹性膜。外膜的结缔组 织中有小血管,称营养血管。
Endoscopic view: the elastic membrane is composed of a thin film made of an
elastic protein, close to the luminal surface of a wavy pink strong refraction bright
band, which is the boundary of the intima and signs. Endometrium is thin, very
difficult to see the underlying endothelium. Inner and outer membrane elastic
membrane is thicker, mainly composed of dozens of layers of circular smooth muscle
cells. Outer membrane is thicker, lighter stained by loose connective tissue. In the past
the film office, elastic fiber, and densely arranged in 2 to 3 layers, namely the external
elastic membrane. The outer membrane of connective tissue in the small blood vessels,
called nutrient vessels.



实验七 淋巴结
报告主题:淋巴结
主题属性:指定
标本号: 13#
材料: 狗淋巴结切片
染色: HE
教学要求:掌握淋巴结的结构特点及其判断依据。

淋巴小结
Lymphoid
tissue
浅层皮质
Peripheral cort
深层皮质
deep
cortex
髓质
medulla
图7 狗淋巴结切片 HE染色,10×10
镜 下观:被膜及小梁:淋巴结表面有由薄层结缔组织构成的被膜。被膜结缔
组织伸入实质形成小梁,小梁互 相连接成网,因此常被切成许多不同的断面,小
梁中常见小血管。皮质:位于被膜下,包括浅层皮质、副 皮质区和皮质淋巴窦三
部分。髓质:位于淋巴结的深部,由髓索及其间的髓窦组成。髓索为淋巴组织排< br>列成不规则的索状,髓索互相连接成网。

Trabecular membrane is: lymph node capsule by a thin layer of connective tissue
surface composition. Capsule of connective tissue formation extending into the
substance of the trabecular, trabecular interconnected to form a network, it is often cut
into many different sections, trabecular common small blood vessels. Cortex: Located
subcapsular, including shallow cortex, cortical areas and subcortical lymph vice sinus
three parts. Medulla: Located deep lymph nodes, the medullary sinuses medullary
cord between its components. Medulla of lymphoid tissue arranged in irregular cords,
marrow into a network cable connected to each other.



实验八 下颌下腺
报告主题:下颌下腺
主题属性:指定
标本号: 24#
材料: 人下颌下腺切片
染色: HE
教学要求:掌握下颌下腺的三种腺泡和导管的结构。
黏液性腺泡
mucous
浆液性腺泡
Serous cell


小叶间导管
Interlobular
duct

图8-1 人下颌下腺切片 HE染色,10×10
可见少量结缔组织把腺实质分隔成许多小叶。下颌下腺 为混合性腺,小叶内
可见许多圆形或不规则形的腺泡,染紫红色的是浆液性腺泡、染色浅的是粘液性腺泡,还有混合性腺泡。高倍镜下,可见浆液性腺泡由浆液性细胞围成,腺泡呈
圆形,腺腔小(针头 般大),腺细胞呈锥形,核圆,靠近细胞基底部,基底部胞
质嗜碱性,核上部则见许多红色的分泌颗粒; 粘液性腺泡由粘液性细胞围成,腺
泡呈圆形,腺腔较大而整齐,腺细胞亦呈锥形,核扁平,贴于细胞的基 底,核周
胞质嗜碱性,核上部胞质着色很浅,呈空泡状。

A small amount of connective tissue of the glandular parenchyma is divided
intomany small. Submandibular gland mixed gonadal, lobular many rounded or
irregularly shaped acini, dyed purple is serous acini, pale staining of mucous
acini, and mixed acinus. At high magnification, the visible serous
acinisurrounded by serous cells, acinar cells were round, glandular cavity is
small(big head), gland cells is tapered, nuclear round, close to the basal
cells, basalbasophilic cytoplasm, nuclear upper see secretory granule and many




red;mucous gland bubble by the mucus cells were surrounded, rounded, glandular
cavity is larger and neat, gland cells is tapered, nuclear flattened, base attached to
the cell nucleus, basophilic cytoplasm, nuclear upper cytoplasmic coloring is very
shallow, vacuolization

闰管
intercalated duct
分泌管
ducts
secretory
混合性腺
Mixed gland


图8-2 人下颌下腺 HE染色,40×10
混合性腺泡:由浆液性腺泡 和粘液性腺泡共同组成,粘液性细胞围成腺泡,
几个浆液性细胞则贴在腺泡的一侧,呈半月形,故称半月 。在小叶内,腺泡之间
的结缔组织中可见闰管,由单层扁平上皮构成,由于下颌下腺的闰官短,断面少,
故较难辨认。在小叶内,还可见许多着红色的分泌管,其管径粗,管腔大,由单
层高柱状上皮组 成。细胞核大,圆或椭圆形,靠近游离面,胞质嗜酸性,在细胞
的基部可见基底纵纹(必须仔细观察才能 看到)。小叶间结缔组织内除血管外,
还有有管腔较大的小叶间导管,由单层柱状上皮或假复层柱状上皮 构成。
Mixed acinus: composed of serous cells and mucous acini, mucous
cell formedacini, a few serous cells attached to the acinar side, was half
moon, so half. In a lobule, visible intercalated duct acinar between connective
tissue, composed ofsimple squamous epithelium, the submandibular
gland intercalated officer short,section, it is difficult to identify. In a lobule, there can
be many a secretory tubered, its diameter, lumen, composed of a single layer of tall
columnar large nuclei, round or oval, near the free surface, eosinophilic
cytoplasm, at the base of the visible basal striation cells (must look closely
to see). Interlobular connective tissue except vascular lumen, and larger interlobular
duct, is composed of simple columnar epithelium or pseudostratified columnar
epithelium.


实验九 肾单位
报告主题:肾单位
主题属性:指定
标本号: 29#
材料: 肾,兔肾切片
染色: HE
教学要求:掌握肾的结构特点,特别是肾单位各部分的结构特点。
远端小管
Distal rubule
肾小体
Renal
corpuscle
近端小管
Proximal
tubule
图9 肾,兔肾切片 HE染色,40×10
肾小体:由血管球和肾小囊组成 。近曲小管:位于肾小体的周围,断面多,< br>管径大,管壁厚,管腔小而不规则。管壁上皮细胞呈锥体形;体积较大,围成小
管的细胞较少;细 胞间的分界不清楚;胞质嗜酸性强,染色红;核圆,近基地部;
细胞游离面有深红色的刷状缘。远曲小管 :与近曲小管混杂在一起,断面少,管
径小,管壁薄,管腔较大而规则。管壁上皮细胞呈立方形;体积较 小,围成小管
的细胞较密;细胞间的分界稍微清楚。
Renal corpuscle: the vascular and renal capsule. Proximal convoluted tubule:
located in the renal corpuscle, cross section, pipe diameter, wall thickness, lumen
small and irregular. Wall ZhuiTiXing epithelial cells, Large, round into tubular cells
are less; Between cells dividing line is not clear; Eosinophilic cytoplasm, dyed red.
Nuclear circle, near base; Cell free surface has a deep red brush border. Distal
convoluted tubules, and proximal convoluted tubules mixed together, less section,
small diameter, thin wall, larger lumen and rules. Epithelial cells of the tube wall is
cube; Volume is small, round into tubular cells more dense; A clear boundary between
between the cells.



实验十 生精小管
报告主题:生精小管
主题属性:指定
标本号: 41#
材料: 人睾丸与附睾
染色: HE
教学要求:掌握生精小管的结构和间质细胞的位置及结构特点。
支持细
Support cells

初级精原细胞
primary
spermatogonium
精子sperm

精原细
spermatogonium


图10 人睾丸切片 HE染色,100×10
光镜下,可见生精小管外有薄层基膜,基膜之外有肌样细胞 和结缔组织,管
壁由各级生精细胞和支持细胞组成。可见生精细胞有:精原细胞,初级精母细胞,
精子细胞,精子。
By light microscopy, visible born seminiferous tubule outside have thin layer
base film, basement membrane outside myoid cells and connective tissue, wall by
various raw sperm cell and support cells. Visible born sperm cell: SSCS, primary
spermatocyte, sperm cells, sperm.







实验十一 骨骼肌(基本组织1)
报告主题:骨骼肌
主题属性:自选
标本号: 8#
材料: 狗舌骨骼肌切片
染色: HE
教学要求:掌握骨骼肌的结构特点,掌握其判断依据。
横纹
Cross
striation
肌细胞
skeletal
cell
肌原纤维
myofibril


图11 狗舌骨骼肌切片 HE染色,40×10
镜下观:可见许多条条块块结构,块状的为骨骼肌 的横断面;条状的为骨骼
肌的纵断面,每一块状或条状结构包含多条骨骼肌纤维的断面。肌纤维之间有少
量结缔组织。选择肌纤维较分散,染色较浅的视野换高倍镜观察。在纵断面上,
骨骼肌呈条索状 ;每条肌纤维内均有许多紧贴肌膜内面的长卵圆形胞核,染色浅,
有时可见核仁。
Endoscopic view: the structure shows that many departments and regions,
massive cross-section of skeletal muscle; strip of vertical section of skeletal muscle,
every block or strip structure contains a number of skeletal muscle fiber cross-section.
Small amount of connective tissue between the muscle fibers. Choose more dispersed
muscle fibers, dyeing shallower horizons exchange high-powered microscope. On the
profile, skeletal muscle showed cord-like; has many close fascia inner surface long
oval nuclei stained light within each muscle fiber, sometimes visible nucleoli.






实验十二 单层柱状上皮(基本组织2)
报告主题:单层柱状上皮
主题属性:自选
标本号: 2#
材料: 猫胆囊切片
染色: HE
教学要求:掌握单层柱状上皮的侧面形态结构。
上皮细胞
Epithelial cells

基膜
Basement
membrane

图12 猫胆囊切片 HE染色,40×10
光镜下上皮细胞核圆形,呈单行 排列,胞质着红色,核上部胞质远多于核下
部胞质,细胞之间分界不明显,但核排列紧密,因此细胞宽度 狭窄,高度远大于
宽度。
Lens epithelial cells under the circular, the single permutation, cytoplasmic red,
nuclear upper cytoplasmic than nuclear lower cytoplasmic between cells, the
boundary is not obvious, but nuclear closely spaced, so cell width narrow, highly far
outweigh the width.







实验十三 回肠(中空性器官)
报告主题:回肠
主题属性:自选
标本号:21#
材料:猫回肠横切片
染色:HE染色
教学要求:掌握回肠的结构特点与判断依据
集合淋巴小结
Set lymphoid
nodule


图13 猫回肠横切片 HE染色,10×10
光镜下可见回肠分为四层结构, 为粘膜,粘膜下层,肌层,外膜。其结构特
点同空肠。在回肠一侧的固有层及粘膜下层有集合淋巴小结。
Then visible ileum is divided into four layers structure for mucosa, submucosa,
muscular, outer membrane. The structure characteristics and jejunum. In the ileum
side of the lamina propria and submucosa have set lymphoid , blood
vessels, lymphatic tissue, etc. Outer membrane: made of transparent cartilage ring and
the surrounding connective tissue. Because of slicing, sometimes can see two layers
on a cross-sectional hyaline cartilage.





实验十四 甲状腺(实质性器官1)
报告主题:甲状腺
主题属性:自选
标本号:33#
材料:狗甲状腺切片
染色:HE染色
教学要求:掌握甲状腺的结构特点。

滤泡上皮细胞
Follicular
epithelial cell
滤泡
follicle

滤泡旁细胞
Parafollicular
cell

图14 狗甲状腺切片 HE染色,10×10
光镜下可见结缔组织被膜伸入实质,把实质分成许多小叶,小叶中可见许
多滤泡,滤泡大小不一,内充 满红色胶状质。在滤泡之间有丰富的毛细血管和滤
泡间细胞团。
Then visible connective tissue capsule stretch into the essence, the essence is
divided into many lobule, lobules seen in many of the follicle, follicular size is differ,
filled with red gelatinous mass. In the follicle between rich capillary and follicle
between cell mass.





实验十五 胸腺(实质性器官2)
报告主题:胸腺
主题属性:自选
标本号:15#
材料:人胸腺切片
染色:HE染色
教学要求:掌握胸腺的结构及其判断依据。
髓质
medulla

胸腺小体
Thymus small

皮质
cortex


图15 人胸腺切片 HE染色,10×10
光镜下可见胸腺实质分成小叶,皮质由胸腺上皮细胞核密集的胸腺细胞构
成,染色深。实质位于小叶中央,髓质淋巴细胞较稀疏,染色浅,在髓质中可见
散在分布的红染胸腺小 体。
Then visible thymus essence into lobule, cortex by thymic epithelial cell nucleus
intensive thymus cells of dyeing deep. Essence is located in centrilobular, medulla
lymphocyte is sparse, dyeing shallow, visible in the medulla scattered red dye thymus
small body.

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