儿童生长发育参照标准

2020年12月9日发(作者：陆和平)
前囟出生时约1~2cm最迟于1.5岁闭合。囟门呈菱形，我们测量囟门大小指的是菱形两条边
之间的距离。
头围是指从眉弓上方最突出处，经枕后结节（枕骨突出部位）绕头一周的长度。头围可 反映出脑和颅骨的
发育程度。小儿出生时平均为3 4厘米。出生后前半年头围增长很快，可增加8～1 2厘米，后半年可增加
2～4厘米。一岁时头围平均为46厘米，两岁时可达48厘米，5岁时为50厘 米，15岁时即接近成人，为
54～58厘米。头小畸形及大脑发育不全时，头围过小，头围过大时应注 意有无脑积水。
小孩一般6个月出乳牙，到两岁半的时候，20颗乳牙就出完了。然后6岁左右就开始 萌出第一颗恒磨牙，
已及开始换牙了，到12岁左右就换完乳牙，也长了第二颗恒磨牙了，总共有28颗
中国7岁以下儿童生长发育参照标准

表1 7岁以下男童身高（长）标准值（cm）
年龄
出生











1岁



2岁



3岁


月龄
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
-3SD
45.2
48.7
52.2
55.3
57.9
59.9
61.4
62.7
63.9
65.2
66.4
67.5
68.6
71.2
73.6
76.0
78.3
80.5
82.4
84.4
86.3
87.5
89.3
-2SD
46.9
50.7
54.3
57.5
60.1
62.1
63.7
65.0
66.3
67.6
68.9
70.1
71.2
74.0
76.6
79.1
81.6
83.9
85.9
88.0
90.0
91.2
93.0
-1SD
48.6
52.7
56.5
59.7
62.3
64.4
66.0
67.4
68.7
70.1
71.4
72.7
73.8
76.9
79.6
82.3
85.1
87.5
89.6
91.6
93.7
94.9
96.7
中位数
50.4
54.8
58.7
62.0
64.6
66.7
68.4
69.8
71.2
72.6
74.0
75.3
76.5
79.8
82.7
85.6
88.5
91.1
93.3
95.4
97.5
98.8
100.6
+1SD
52.2
56.9
61.0
64.3
66.9
69.1
70.8
72.3
73.7
75.2
76.6
78.0
79.3
82.8
85.8
89.0
92.1
94.8
97.1
99.3
101.4
102.7
104.5
+2SD
54.0
59.0
63.3
66.6
69.3
71.5
73.3
74.8
76.3
77.8
79.3
80.8
82.1
85.8
89.1
92.4
95.8
98.6
101.0
103.2
105.3
106.7
108.6
+3SD
55.8
61.2
65.7
69.0
71.7
73.9
75.8
77.4
78.9
80.5
82.1
83.6
85.0
88.9
92.4
95.9
99.5
102.5
105.0
107.2
109.4
110.7
112.7

4岁



5岁



6岁



45
48
51
54
57
60
63
66
69
72
75
78
81
90.9
92.5
94.0
95.6
97.1
98.7
100.2
101.6
103.0
104.1
105.3
106.5
107.9
94.6
96.3
97.9
99.5
101.1
102.8
104.4
105.9
107.3
108.6
109.8
111.1
112.6
98.5
100.2
101.9
103.6
105.3
107.0
108.7
110.2
111.7
113.1
114.4
115.8
117.4
102.4
104.1
105.9
107.7
109.5
111.3
113.0
114.7
116.3
117.7
119.2
120.7
122.3
106.4
108.2
110.0
111.9
113.8
115.7
117.5
119.2
120.9
122.4
124.0
125.6
127.3
110.4
112.3
114.2
116.2
118.2
120.1
122.0
123.8
125.6
127.2
128.8
130.5
132.4
114.6
116.5
118.5
120.6
122.6
124.7
126.7
128.6
130.4
132.1
133.8
135.6
137.6
注：表中3岁前为身长，3岁及3岁后为身高
表2 7岁以下女童身高（长）标准值（cm）

年龄
出生











1岁



月龄
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
18
21
-3SD
44.7
47.9
51.1
54.2
56.7
58.6
60.1
61.3
62.5
63.7
64.9
66.1
67.2
70.2
72.8
75.1
-2SD
46.4
49.8
53.2
56.3
58.8
60.8
62.3
63.6
64.8
66.1
67.3
68.6
69.7
72.9
75.6
78.1
-1SD
中位数
48.0
51.7
55.3
58.4
61.0
62.9
64.5
65.9
67.2
68.5
69.8
71.1
72.3
75.6
78.5
81.2
49.7
53.7
57.4
60.6
63.1
65.2
66.8
68.2
69.6
71.0
72.4
73.7
75.0
78.5
81.5
84.4
+1SD
51.4
55.7
59.6
62.8
65.4
67.4
69.1
70.6
72.1
73.6
75.0
76.4
77.7
81.4
84.6
87.7
+2SD
53.2
57.8
61.8
65.1
67.7
69.8
71.5
73.1
74.7
76.2
77.7
79.2
80.5
84.3
87.7
91.1
+3SD
55.0
59.9
64.1
67.5
70.0
72.1
74.0
75.6
77.3
78.9
80.5
82.0
83.4
87.4
91.0
94.5
2岁



3岁



4岁



5岁



6岁



24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
63
66
69
72
75
78
81
77.3
79.3
81.4
83.4
85.4
86.6
88.4
90.1
91.7
93.2
94.8
96.4
97.8
99.3
100.7
102.0
103.2
104.4
105.5
106.7
80.5
82.7
84.8
86.9
88.9
90.1
91.9
93.7
95.4
97.0
98.7
100.3
101.8
103.4
104.9
106.3
107.6
108.8
110.1
111.4
83.8
86.2
88.4
90.5
92.5
93.8
95.6
97.4
99.2
100.9
102.7
104.4
106.0
107.6
109.2
110.7
112.0
113.4
114.7
116.1
87.2
89.8
92.1
94.3
96.3
97.5
99.4
101.2
103.1
104.9
106.7
108.5
110.2
111.9
113.5
115.2
116.6
118.0
119.4
121.0
90.7
93.5
95.9
98.1
100.1
101.4
103.3
105.1
107.0
109.0
110.9
112.8
114.5
116.2
118.0
119.7
121.2
122.7
124.3
125.9
94.3
97.3
99.8
102.0
104.1
105.4
107.2
109.2
111.1
113.1
115.2
117.1
118.9
120.7
122.6
124.4
126.0
127.6
129.2
130.9
98.0
101.2
103.8
106.1
108.1
109.4
111.3
113.3
115.3
117.4
119.5
121.6
123.4
125.3
127.2
129.1
130.8
132.5
134.2
136.1

注：表中3岁前为身长，3岁及3岁后为身高
中国7岁以下儿童生长发育参照标准-体重
表3 7岁以下男童体重标准值（kg）

年龄
出生






月龄
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-3SD
2.26
3.09
3.94
4.69
5.25
5.66
5.97
-2SD
2.58
3.52
4.47
5.29
5.91
6.36
6.70
-1SD
中位数
2.93
3.99
5.05
5.97
6.64
7.14
7.51
3.32
4.51
5.68
6.70
7.45
8.00
8.41
+1SD
3.73
5.07
6.38
7.51
8.34
8.95
9.41
+2SD
4.18
5.67
7.14
8.40
9.32
9.99
10.50
+3SD
4.66
6.33
7.97
9.37
10.39
11.15
11.72





1岁



2岁



3岁



4岁



5岁



6岁



7
8
9
10
11
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
63
66
69
72
75
78
81
6.24
6.46
6.67
6.86
7.04
7.21
7.68
8.13
8.61
9.06
9.47
9.86
10.24
10.61
10.97
11.31
11.66
12.01
12.37
12.74
13.12
13.50
13.86
14.18
14.48
14.74
15.01
15.30
15.66
6.99
7.23
7.46
7.67
7.87
8.06
8.57
9.07
9.59
10.09
10.54
10.97
11.39
11.79
12.19
12.57
12.96
13.35
13.76
14.18
14.61
15.06
15.48
15.87
16.24
16.56
16.90
17.27
17.73
7.83
8.09
8.35
8.58
8.80
9.00
9.57
10.12
10.69
11.24
11.75
12.22
12.68
13.13
13.57
14.00
14.44
14.88
15.35
15.84
16.34
16.87
17.38
17.85
18.31
18.71
19.14
19.62
20.22
8.76
9.05
9.33
9.58
9.83
10.05
10.68
11.29
11.93
12.54
13.11
13.64
14.15
14.65
15.15
15.63
16.13
16.64
17.18
17.75
18.35
18.98
19.60
20.18
20.75
21.26
21.82
22.45
23.24
9.79
10.11
10.42
10.71
10.98
11.23
11.93
12.61
13.33
14.01
14.64
15.24
15.82
16.39
16.95
17.50
18.07
18.67
19.30
19.98
20.69
21.46
22.21
22.94
23.66
24.32
25.06
25.89
26.95
10.93
11.29
11.64
11.95
12.26
12.54
13.32
14.09
14.90
15.67
16.38
17.06
17.72
18.37
19.02
19.65
20.32
21.01
21.76
22.57
23.43
24.38
25.32
26.24
27.17
28.03
29.01
30.13
31.56
12.20
12.60
12.99
13.34
13.68
14.00
14.88
15.75
16.66
17.54
18.36
19.13
19.89
20.64
21.39
22.13
22.91
23.73
24.63
25.61
26.68
27.85
29.04
30.22
31.43
32.57
33.89
35.41
37.39

表4 7岁以下女童体重标准值（kg）


年龄 月龄
-3SD -2SD -1SD
中位数
+1SD +2SD +3SD
出生











1岁



2岁



3岁



4岁



5岁



6岁
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
63
66
69
72
2.26
2.98
3.72
4.40
4.93
5.33
5.64
5.90
6.13
6.34
6.53
6.71
6.87
7.34
7.79
8.26
8.70
9.10
9.48
9.86
10.23
10.60
10.95
11.29
11.62
11.96
12.30
12.62
12.93
13.23
13.54
13.84
14.11
2.54
3.33
4.15
4.90
5.48
5.92
6.26
6.55
6.79
7.03
7.23
7.43
7.61
8.12
8.63
9.15
9.64
10.09
10.52
10.94
11.36
11.77
12.16
12.55
12.93
13.32
13.71
14.08
14.44
14.80
15.18
15.54
15.87
2.85
3.74
4.65
5.47
6.11
6.59
6.96
7.28
7.55
7.81
8.03
8.25
8.45
9.01
9.57
10.15
10.70
11.21
11.70
12.18
12.65
13.11
13.55
14.00
14.44
14.88
15.33
15.78
16.20
16.64
17.09
17.53
17.94
3.21
4.20
5.21
6.13
6.83
7.36
7.77
8.11
8.41
8.69
8.94
9.18
9.40
10.02
10.65
11.30
11.92
12.50
13.05
13.59
14.13
14.65
15.16
15.67
16.17
16.69
17.22
17.75
18.26
18.78
19.33
19.88
20.37
3.63
4.74
5.86
6.87
7.65
8.23
8.68
9.06
9.39
9.70
9.98
10.24
10.48
11.18
11.88
12.61
13.31
13.97
14.60
15.22
15.83
16.43
17.01
17.60
18.19
18.79
19.42
20.05
20.66
21.30
21.98
22.65
23.27
4.10
5.35
6.60
7.73
8.59
9.23
9.73
10.15
10.51
10.86
11.16
11.46
11.73
12.50
13.29
14.12
14.92
15.67
16.39
17.11
17.81
18.50
19.17
19.85
20.54
21.25
22.00
22.75
23.50
24.28
25.12
25.96
26.74
4.65
6.05
7.46
8.71
9.66
10.38
10.93
11.40
11.80
12.18
12.52
12.85
13.15
14.02
14.90
15.85
16.77
17.63
18.47
19.29
20.10
20.90
21.69
22.49
23.30
24.14
25.04
25.96
26.87
27.84
28.89
29.95
30.94



75
78
81
14.38
14.66
14.96
16.21
16.55
16.92
18.35
18.78
19.25
20.89
21.44
22.03
23.92
24.61
25.37
27.57
28.46
29.42
32.00
33.14
34.40

表5 7岁以下男童头围标准值（cm）
年龄
出生











1岁



2岁



3岁

4岁

5岁

6岁
月龄
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
-3SD
30.9
33.3
35.2
36.7
38.0
39.0
39.8
40.4
41.0
41.5
41.9
42.3
42.6
43.2
43.7
44.2
44.6
45.0
45.3
45.5
45.7
46.2
46.5
46.9
47.2
47.5
47.8
-2SD
32.1
34.5
36.4
37.9
39.2
40.2
41.0
41.7
42.2
42.7
43.1
43.5
43.8
44.5
45.0
45.5
45.9
46.2
46.5
46.8
47.0
47.4
47.8
48.1
48.4
48.7
49.0
-1SD
中位数
33.3
35.7
37.6
39.2
40.4
41.5
42.3
42.9
43.5
44.0
44.4
44.8
45.1
45.7
46.3
46.7
47.1
47.5
47.8
48.0
48.3
48.7
49.0
49.4
49.7
50.0
50.2
34.5
36.9
38.9
40.5
41.7
42.7
43.6
44.2
44.8
45.3
45.7
46.1
46.4
47.0
47.6
48.0
48.4
48.8
49.1
49.3
49.6
49.9
50.3
50.6
51.0
51.3
51.5
+1SD
35.7
38.2
40.2
41.8
43.1
44.1
44.9
45.5
46.1
46.6
47.0
47.4
47.7
48.4
48.9
49.4
49.8
50.1
50.4
50.6
50.9
51.3
51.6
51.9
52.2
52.5
52.8
+2SD
36.8
39.4
41.5
43.2
44.5
45.5
46.3
46.9
47.5
48.0
48.4
48.8
49.1
49.7
50.2
50.7
51.1
51.4
51.7
52.0
52.2
52.6
52.9
53.2
53.6
53.8
54.1
+3SD
37.9
40.7
42.9
44.6
45.9
46.9
47.7
48.4
48.9
49.4
49.8
50.2
50.5
51.1
51.6
52.1
52.5
52.8
53.1
53.3
53.5
53.9
54.2
54.6
54.9
55.2
55.4
表6 7岁以下女童头围标准值（cm）

年龄
出生











1岁



2岁



3岁

4岁

5岁

6岁
月龄
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
-3SD
30.4
32.6
34.5
36.0
37.2
38.1
38.9
39.5
40.1
40.5
40.9
41.3
41.5
42.2
42.8
43.2
43.6
44.0
44.3
44.6
44.8
45.3
45.7
46.0
46.3
46.6
46.8
-2SD
31.6
33.8
35.6
37.1
38.3
39.2
40.0
40.7
41.2
41.7
42.1
42.4
42.7
43.4
43.9
44.4
44.8
45.2
45.5
45.8
46.0
46.5
46.9
47.2
47.5
47.8
48.0
-1SD
中位数
32.8
35.0
36.8
38.3
39.5
40.4
41.2
41.8
42.4
42.9
43.3
43.6
43.9
44.6
45.1
45.6
46.0
46.4
46.7
47.0
47.3
47.7
48.1
48.4
48.7
49.0
49.2
34.0
36.2
38.0
39.5
40.7
41.6
42.4
43.1
43.6
44.1
44.5
44.9
45.1
45.8
46.4
46.9
47.3
47.7
48.0
48.3
48.5
49.0
49.4
49.7
50.0
50.3
50.5
+1SD
35.2
37.4
39.3
40.8
41.9
42.9
43.7
44.4
44.9
45.4
45.8
46.2
46.5
47.2
47.7
48.2
48.6
49.0
49.3
49.6
49.8
50.3
50.6
51.0
51.3
51.5
51.8
+2SD
36.4
38.6
40.5
42.1
43.3
44.3
45.1
45.7
46.3
46.8
47.2
47.5
47.8
48.5
49.1
49.6
50.0
50.3
50.7
50.9
51.2
51.6
52.0
52.3
52.6
52.8
53.1
+3SD
37.5
39.9
41.8
43.4
44.6
45.7
46.5
47.2
47.7
48.2
48.6
49.0
49.3
50.0
50.5
51.0
51.4
51.7
52.1
52.3
52.6
53.0
53.3
53.7
53.9
54.2
54.4